(Study Material) Management Study Material (HRM and Staffing)
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HRM and Staffing
- Human Resource Management: An Overview
- Staffing
- Recruitment
- Selection
INTRODUCTION
The most important resource of an organization is its human resources – the
people who work in the organization. People are vital for the effective
operation of a company. To meet the challenges and competitive atmosphere of
today’s business environment, managers must recognize the potential of human
resources, and then acquire, develop and retain these resources. This forms the
basis of human resource management (HRM). HRM is the management of various
activities that are designed to enhance the effectiveness of the manpower in an
organization in the achievement of organizational goals. Acquiring skilled,
talented, and motivated employees is an important part of HRM.
Human resource management forms a crucial function in organizations of all
sizes. Larger firms usually have a separate HRM department. Small organizations,
however, cannot always afford to have a separate HRM department that can
continually follow the performance of individuals in the organization and review
their accomplishment of goals. Instead, in such organizations, each manager is
responsible for utilizing the skills and talents of the employees under him,
effectively. Traditionally, HRM departments had a relatively small role to play
in the organization’s overall mission and plans. They developed staffing plans,
handled complaints, determined benefits and compensation, and conducted
performance appraisal programs. These activities were, and still are, very
important in managing an organization. However, today HRM departments are
playing a more strategic role in charting the course of their firms. Changes in
the environment, such as increasing costs, changing demographics and limited
skilled labor supply, rapid technological changes and the need for new skills,
have created a strategic need for HRM expertise. These changes have led to the
acknowledgment that human resources need careful attention and are vital to the
success of any business.
In this chapter, we will first discuss HR planning. The other steps in the HRM
process – staffing, training and development, performance appraisal, and
compensation will also be discussed. The later part of the chapter will discuss
the two important elements of staffing – recruitment and selection. The chapter
concludes with a description of the socialization process of new employees.
Human resource management: An Overview
Human Resource Management (HRM) may be defined as the organized function of
planning for human resource needs, and recruitment, selection, development,
compensation and evaluation of performance to fill those needs. The HRM process
is an ongoing function that aims to keep the organization supplied with the
right people in the right positions, when they are needed. The HRM process,
shown in Figure 12.1, includes five basic activities: (1) human resource
planning, (2) staffing, (3) training and development, (4) performance appraisal,
and (5) compensation.